Post by Daniel on Nov 15, 2009 12:40:31 GMT -5
Writing Workshop: Studying Form
Narrative Perspective
First Person I walked to the park and saw a ball.
Second Person You walked to the park and you saw a ball.
Third Person He walked to the park and he saw a ball.
Poetic Forms
Closed Form: This is a form of poetry that has specific rules for rhyme, Meter and length, for instance the Sonnet, Villanelle and Sestina
Open Form: This doesn’t follow specific constraints and rules, and allows the poet more freedom.
Key Words for Analysing Poetry
Stanzas The sections of a poem
Rhyme When two words make a similar sound.
Internal Rhyme When a rhyme occurs within the line of a poem
For instance: Of night, and light, and the half-light.
Caesura A break in the line of a poem :
The heavy bard under foreign soil- the two hands
That can move no more.
Enjambment/;
When poetic lines run into the next without punctuation
And yet I am! and live like shadows tossed
Into the nothingness of scorn and noise,
Alliteration
When two words closely together start with the same letter
The blue, the dim, and the dark cloths.
Assonance
When the same vowel sound is repeated in multiple words:
Hear the mellow wedding bells
Consonance
When the same consonant sound is repeated in multiple words:
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Personification
Making something inhuman appear human
Onomatopoeia
A word that sounds like it is said
Bang! Bang! She shot me down!
Why do we read?
Discuss
The 18th Century
1700-1760 The Enlightenment
The Enlightement Era is characterised by Philosophical and Scientific thought: people began to question everything on a deeper level, including Science, Religion, Politics and Morality. In this era, people read to learn.
1760+ (1790+) The Romantic Period (Romanticism and Gothic Fiction)
The Romantic Period arose almost in opposition to The Enlightenment: some writers were disillusioned with the methodical and rational direction that humanity was heading towards. They preferred instead to focus on things that couldn’t be easily explained, things like nature and the The Sublime. Gothic Fiction also emerged through the conception of pain being the most powerful and beautiful emotion. In this era, people read to enjoy or to experience beauty.
Read Tiger! Tiger! from your text-book
Gothic Fiction
Gothic Fiction arose in the 18th century and has been a major literary form ever since: there are many definitions, but broadly speaking Gothic refers to a story of the supernatural or the dark sides of the human psyche. Horror films about monsters, Thriller films about murderers and stalkers, Suspense films about ghosts or mysteries: these all began with the Gothic genre.
The first British Gothic text was written in 1768. It was called The Castle of Otranto, by Horace Walpole.
It was originally published as a ‘translation’ of an old Italian manuscript.
Coined the term ‘Gothic’ by calling itself ‘A Gothic Story’.
The Castle of Otranto
Manfred, prince of Otranto, is desperate to avoid the effects of a prophecy which warns that the lordship of Otranto will pass from his family when there are no more male heirs and “whenever the real owner should be grown too large to inhabit it”. He attempts to marry his son, Conrad, to the unenthusiastic Isabella, in order to prolong the line, but Conrad is killed by the fall of an immense helmet. A peasant, Theodore, who recognises the helmet as resembling that of Alfonso, a former prince of Otranto, is suspected of sorcery and imprisoned under it (the plumes of the helmet continue to wave at key moments through the rest of the story). A gigantic foot and leg also appear in the castle. Theodore escapes into an underground passage and helps Isabella to escape to the neighbouring monastery where she claims sanctuary; he is recaptured. Manfred, who has seen the ghost of his grandfather walk out of a picture to admonish him, tries to enlist the help of the priest, Jerome, to dissolve his marriage to Hippolita so that he can marry Isabella himself and thus produce heirs. Manfred's daughter, Matilda, falls in love with Theodore, who is recognised as his own son by Jerome. Isabella's father (Frederic) arrives, with an improbably enormous sword, to reclaim both her and the seat of Otranto, which Manfred is alleged to have usurped. Theodore escapes with Matilda's help and discovers Isabella in a cave in a gloomy forest; he protects her from a masked knight, who turns out to be her father.
Gothic Fiction – 1790s
Though the Gothic genre has been established as starting in 1764 with Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto, it wasn’t until the 1790s that Gothic fiction became the most popular form of writing. Gothic writers outsold nearly all other writers of other genres, including Jane Austen.
The two most popular writers were Anne Radcliffe and Matthew Lewis, and they bought wrote different styles of Gothic Writing:
Anne Radcliffe: Terror Writing
(Suggestion)
Matthew Lewis: Horror Writing
(Representation)
Features of Early Gothic Fiction
The Supernatural
The Innocent Heroine
The Stormy Night
The Doppelganger
The Big Castle/Monastery
The Far Off Country
The Wandering Jew
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Coleridge was one of the major writers during the Romantic period. He was an influential poet, along with
Percy Byshe Shelly
William Wordsworth
Lord Byron
John Keats
They were called The Romantics.
He was born in 1772 and died in 1834.
His childhood was unhappy: he was one of many children, and he was sent to boarding school, and kept at a distance from the family home. He would write of his lonliness.
Coleridge was one of the most famous and influential poets of the 18th century. Though he was firmly a Romantic poet, his works often utilised gothic imagery and straddled the gap between gothic and Romantic writing.
Coleridge was also a very successful literary critic. His most famous lecture was on Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a play that had been neglected and criticised by many influential critics up to that point in history. Hamlet is so popular today primarily because of Coleridge’s lecture and its success at promoting Shakespeare’s play.
Group Task: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Translate
Summarise
Identify Gothic and Romantic Elements
(Romantic vs. romantic)
Romantic/Romanticism : the period in the 18th and early 19th century that emphasised beauty and nature.
romantic/romance : romantic love.
Narrative Perspective
First Person I walked to the park and saw a ball.
Second Person You walked to the park and you saw a ball.
Third Person He walked to the park and he saw a ball.
Poetic Forms
Closed Form: This is a form of poetry that has specific rules for rhyme, Meter and length, for instance the Sonnet, Villanelle and Sestina
Open Form: This doesn’t follow specific constraints and rules, and allows the poet more freedom.
Key Words for Analysing Poetry
Stanzas The sections of a poem
Rhyme When two words make a similar sound.
Internal Rhyme When a rhyme occurs within the line of a poem
For instance: Of night, and light, and the half-light.
Caesura A break in the line of a poem :
The heavy bard under foreign soil- the two hands
That can move no more.
Enjambment/;
When poetic lines run into the next without punctuation
And yet I am! and live like shadows tossed
Into the nothingness of scorn and noise,
Alliteration
When two words closely together start with the same letter
The blue, the dim, and the dark cloths.
Assonance
When the same vowel sound is repeated in multiple words:
Hear the mellow wedding bells
Consonance
When the same consonant sound is repeated in multiple words:
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Personification
Making something inhuman appear human
Onomatopoeia
A word that sounds like it is said
Bang! Bang! She shot me down!
Why do we read?
Discuss
The 18th Century
1700-1760 The Enlightenment
The Enlightement Era is characterised by Philosophical and Scientific thought: people began to question everything on a deeper level, including Science, Religion, Politics and Morality. In this era, people read to learn.
1760+ (1790+) The Romantic Period (Romanticism and Gothic Fiction)
The Romantic Period arose almost in opposition to The Enlightenment: some writers were disillusioned with the methodical and rational direction that humanity was heading towards. They preferred instead to focus on things that couldn’t be easily explained, things like nature and the The Sublime. Gothic Fiction also emerged through the conception of pain being the most powerful and beautiful emotion. In this era, people read to enjoy or to experience beauty.
Read Tiger! Tiger! from your text-book
Gothic Fiction
Gothic Fiction arose in the 18th century and has been a major literary form ever since: there are many definitions, but broadly speaking Gothic refers to a story of the supernatural or the dark sides of the human psyche. Horror films about monsters, Thriller films about murderers and stalkers, Suspense films about ghosts or mysteries: these all began with the Gothic genre.
The first British Gothic text was written in 1768. It was called The Castle of Otranto, by Horace Walpole.
It was originally published as a ‘translation’ of an old Italian manuscript.
Coined the term ‘Gothic’ by calling itself ‘A Gothic Story’.
The Castle of Otranto
Manfred, prince of Otranto, is desperate to avoid the effects of a prophecy which warns that the lordship of Otranto will pass from his family when there are no more male heirs and “whenever the real owner should be grown too large to inhabit it”. He attempts to marry his son, Conrad, to the unenthusiastic Isabella, in order to prolong the line, but Conrad is killed by the fall of an immense helmet. A peasant, Theodore, who recognises the helmet as resembling that of Alfonso, a former prince of Otranto, is suspected of sorcery and imprisoned under it (the plumes of the helmet continue to wave at key moments through the rest of the story). A gigantic foot and leg also appear in the castle. Theodore escapes into an underground passage and helps Isabella to escape to the neighbouring monastery where she claims sanctuary; he is recaptured. Manfred, who has seen the ghost of his grandfather walk out of a picture to admonish him, tries to enlist the help of the priest, Jerome, to dissolve his marriage to Hippolita so that he can marry Isabella himself and thus produce heirs. Manfred's daughter, Matilda, falls in love with Theodore, who is recognised as his own son by Jerome. Isabella's father (Frederic) arrives, with an improbably enormous sword, to reclaim both her and the seat of Otranto, which Manfred is alleged to have usurped. Theodore escapes with Matilda's help and discovers Isabella in a cave in a gloomy forest; he protects her from a masked knight, who turns out to be her father.
Gothic Fiction – 1790s
Though the Gothic genre has been established as starting in 1764 with Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto, it wasn’t until the 1790s that Gothic fiction became the most popular form of writing. Gothic writers outsold nearly all other writers of other genres, including Jane Austen.
The two most popular writers were Anne Radcliffe and Matthew Lewis, and they bought wrote different styles of Gothic Writing:
Anne Radcliffe: Terror Writing
(Suggestion)
Matthew Lewis: Horror Writing
(Representation)
Features of Early Gothic Fiction
The Supernatural
The Innocent Heroine
The Stormy Night
The Doppelganger
The Big Castle/Monastery
The Far Off Country
The Wandering Jew
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Coleridge was one of the major writers during the Romantic period. He was an influential poet, along with
Percy Byshe Shelly
William Wordsworth
Lord Byron
John Keats
They were called The Romantics.
He was born in 1772 and died in 1834.
His childhood was unhappy: he was one of many children, and he was sent to boarding school, and kept at a distance from the family home. He would write of his lonliness.
Coleridge was one of the most famous and influential poets of the 18th century. Though he was firmly a Romantic poet, his works often utilised gothic imagery and straddled the gap between gothic and Romantic writing.
Coleridge was also a very successful literary critic. His most famous lecture was on Shakespeare’s Hamlet, a play that had been neglected and criticised by many influential critics up to that point in history. Hamlet is so popular today primarily because of Coleridge’s lecture and its success at promoting Shakespeare’s play.
Group Task: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Translate
Summarise
Identify Gothic and Romantic Elements
(Romantic vs. romantic)
Romantic/Romanticism : the period in the 18th and early 19th century that emphasised beauty and nature.
romantic/romance : romantic love.
